Antioxidant use is beneficial for cognitive function

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Aging in most species studied to date is accompanied by the progressive accumulation of oxidative damage in many tissues . The brain, in particular, is highly vulnerable to oxidative damage as it is consumes approximately 20% of the body’s total oxygen, has a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lower levels of endogenous antioxidant activity relative to other tissue. Normal metabolic processes result in the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn can lead to oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA. ROS are produced primarily from mitochondria, intracellular organelles that are themselves vulnerable to oxidative damage . Oxidative damage in the brain may lead to cognitive impairments in aged humans. Further, in age-associated neurodegenerative disease, oxidative damage may be exacerbated and associated with additional neuropathology. Epidemiological studies in humans show both positive and negative effects of the use of antioxidant supplements on healthy cognitive aging and on the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD). This contrasts with consistent behavioral improvements in aged rodent models. In a higher mammalian model system that naturally accumulates human-type pathology and cognitive decline (aged dogs), an antioxidant enriched diet leads to rapid learning improvements, memory improvements after prolonged treatment and cognitive maintenance. Cognitive benefits can be further enhanced by the addition of behavioral enrichment. In the brains of aged treated dogs, oxidative damage is reduced and there is some evidence of reduced AD-like neuropathology. In combination, antioxidants may be beneficial for promoting healthy brain aging and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative disease. http://www.springerlink.com/content/y10838132m02x7n7/fulltext.html

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