Noninvasive method of detecting beta-amyloid

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Drs. Klunk and Mathis are responsible for developing a noninvasive method of detecting beta-amyloid proteins, which form plaques in the brain tissue of people who have Alzheimer's disease. The experimental technique might make it possible to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other dementias. The researchers invented Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB), the imaging agent that is injected into the bloodstream immediately before positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging scans.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is defined neuropathologically by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques associated with tau and beta-amyloid protein deposition. The colocalization of microglia and beta-amyloid plaques has been widely reported in pathological examination of AD and suggests that neuroinflammation may play a role in pathogenesis and/or progression. Because postmortem histopathological analyses are limited to single end-stage assessment, the time course and nature of this relationship are not well understood.

To image microglial activation and beta-amyloid deposition in the brains of subjects with and without AD. Using two carbon 11 ([11C])-labeled positron emission tomographic imaging agents, Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) and (R)-PK11195, we examined the relationship between amyloid deposition and microglial activation in different stages of AD using 5 control subjects, 6 subjects diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, and 6 patients with mild to moderate AD.

Consistent with prior reports, subjects with a clinical diagnosis of probable AD showed significantly greater levels of [11C]PiB retention than control subjects, whereas patients with mild cognitive impairment spanned a range from control-like to AD-like levels of [11C]PiB retention. Additionally, 2 asymptomatic control subjects also exhibited evidence of elevated PiB retention in regions associated with the early emergence of plaques in AD and may represent prodromal cases of AD. We observed no differences in brain [11C](R)-PK11195 retention when subjects were grouped by clinical diagnosis or the presence or absence of beta-amyloid pathological findings as indicated by analyses of [11C]PiB retention.

These findings suggest that either microglial activation is limited to later stages of severe AD or [11C](R)-PK11195 is too insensitive to detect the level of microglial activation associated with mild to moderate AD....http://www.medicalnewstoday.com( Arch Neurol. 2009 Jan;66(1):60-7.)

Flaxseed proteins may have blood pressure lowering potential

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